槟榔黄化病病原及检测方法研究进展

黄化病是一种严重威胁槟榔生产种植的毁灭性传染性病害,目前主要在印度和我国槟榔主产区发生。本文从非生物与生物因素两方面对槟榔黄化病病原认识过程及检测方法进行详细的综述。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌防治果蔬采后病害研究进展

综述了解淀粉芽孢杆菌在果蔬采后病害防治上的应用及研究进展,归纳了解淀粉芽孢杆菌的筛选途径和研究现状,总结了解淀粉芽孢杆菌的控病作用机制和提高解淀粉芽孢杆菌作用效果的方法;指出解淀粉芽孢杆菌用于果蔬保鲜存在的诸如防效不稳定和商业化困难等问题,并提出与低量化学药剂混用和运用分子生物学手段研究抑菌机理等建议;最后,认为以解淀粉芽孢杆菌为主要成分的生物农药具有广阔的应用前景。     

白三叶草一种叶斑病病原菌的分离鉴定

明确在山东省聊城市白三叶草上发现的一种叶斑病的病原菌,以期为该病害的防控提供参考.2019年采集山东省聊城市东昌府区具有叶斑病的白三叶叶片,利用组织分离法分离病原菌,并依据柯赫式法则验证致病性.在形态学观察的基础上,对病原菌进行分子生物学鉴定,构建系统发育树,分析其遗传多样性.从发病叶片中分离得到病原菌(标记为SY1)...     

香龙血树真菌病害的鉴定

1997-2000年在广州地区的香龙血树[Dracaena fragrans(L.)Ker-Gaw.]种植单位共调查到9种真菌病害，即：可可球二孢茎枯病，顶多毛孢叶斑病，弯孢霉灰斑病，弯孢霉褐斑病，炭疽病，拟盘多毛孢叶斑病，拟茎点霉灰斑病，拟茎点霉叶斑病和球壳孢叶枯病，其病原菌分别被鉴定为：可可球二孢（Botryodiplodia theobromaePat.)、龙血树顶多毛孢（Bartalinia dracaenaeaP.G.Xi,Z.D.JiangetP.K.Chi)，弯孢霉[Gurvularia lunata(Walker)Boedijn]、塞河弯孢霉[Curvularia senegalensis(Speg.)Subram]、围小丛壳[Glomerella cingulata(Stonem)Spauld,etSchrenk]，棒孢拟盘多毛孢[Pestalotiopsis clavispora(Atk)Stey]、龙血树拟茎点霉（phomopsis dracaenae Sahni)，龙血树生拟茎点霉（Phomop-sis dracaenicola Z.D.Jiang,P.G.XietP.K.Chi)，龙血树球壳孢（Sphaeropsis dracaenaeP.G.XietP.K.Chi)，对生产影较大的是由可可球二孢引起的茎枯病和由围小丛壳引起的叶部炭疽病。     

华南地区17个农作物病原真菌菌株间拮抗作用的初步研究

 通过PDA平板对峙试验研究了华南地区17种农作物病原真菌菌株之间的共生关系和拮抗关系,结果表明菌丝对峙生长可分为5种类型。稻小黑菌核病菌株与大部分供试菌株有明显的拮抗作用,稻黑粒病新月弯孢霉菌株与大部分供试菌株不能共生,花生冠腐病菌株的菌丝能覆盖大部分供试菌株的菌落,茶云纹叶枯病菌株、桑炭疽病菌株和柚子炭疽病菌株的菌落有明显的区别。     

康氏木霉对立枯丝核菌7个融合群及3个亚群拮抗作用的研究

将从玉米纹枯病病斑上分离的3株康氏木霉(Trichoderma koningiiOud.),在琼脂玻片上与立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn)7个菌丝融合群及3个亚群(AG-1-IA、AG-1-IB、AG-1-IC、AG-2-1、AG-2-2、AG-3、AG-4、AG-5、AG-6和 AG-BI)标准菌株对峙培养,观察其对丝核菌的拮抗作用.结果表明,3株木霉对各融合群的丝核菌均有强烈拮抗作用,融合群间及木霉菌株间的拮抗作用均无明显差异。其拮抗方式表现为缠绕、侵入,断裂菌丝,消解细胞质或使之变稀薄。     

Characterization and pathogenicity of six Cytospora strains causing stem canker of wild apple in the Tianshan Forest,China

Cytospora species are capable of causing destructive cankers of stems belonging to a wide range of woody plant species. In severe cases, cankers may lead to dieback of twigs and branches. Little is known about the Cytospora species causing canker disease of wild apple (Malus sieversii) trees in the Wild Fruit Forest Reserve in Tianshan Forest, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. In this study, six Cytospora isolates belonging to two species were isolated from cankerous lesions of wild apple twigs. Based on multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis using three DNA markers (ITS, tef1‐α and tub2) and morphological characterization, these isolates were identified as Cytospora mali and Cytospora parasitica. Temperature trials (15, 20, 25 and 30°C) showed that the optimal growth temperature for six isolates was 25°C. At a variety of temperatures, C. mali isolates tended to grow faster than isolates of C. parasitica, with the C. mali isolate, EGI1 performing better than others with regard to growth rate. Morphological observations showed that these species exhibited a single locule without conceptacles, and the conidia length was 3–5 μm. In vitro inoculation trials of twigs and leaves of M. sieversii seedlings revealed that the C. mali isolates were highly virulent phytopathogenic fungi, whereas the C. parasitica isolates were less virulent. The isolate EGI1 was the most virulent isolate among the six isolates. This paper presents the first report of pathogenic Cytospora spp. of the M. sieversii Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Reserve of Yili, Xinjiang in China. It will aid in the understanding of how apple tree cankers are induced and provide disease management guidelines for M. sieversii forest conservation.     

木寡糖提高拟南芥抗病性

木寡糖是一种植物源寡糖,对动物体的生理功能多且显著,而其是否作为寡糖素诱发植物防卫尚不明确.本文分析了不同浓度木寡糖诱导拟南芥植株对不同营养型病原的抗性.结果表明,木寡糖能诱发拟南芥对半活体病原细菌丁香假单胞菌番茄致病变种、活体病原烟草花叶病毒和死体病原真菌核盘菌的抗性,且具有剂量依赖效应,随着木寡糖浓度的提高到100...     

广西荸荠贮藏期腐烂病病原菌鉴定

对广西荸荠贮藏期腐烂病的发生危害和症状特点进行了调查和描述,并对825份标样进行分离、纯化,结果从中获得菌株431个,根据菌株病原菌的形态特征、致病性及rDNA—ITS序列分析,鉴定出广西荸荠贮藏期腐烂病的主病原菌是棘孢木霉（Trichoderma asperellum）及其他16种病原菌,从而明确了荸荠贮藏期病害发病规律及药剂筛选和防控技术的研究重点。     

七叶树溃疡病病原真菌的分离与鉴别

【目的】分离和鉴别引起七叶树溃疡病的病原菌,为制定合理的防治技术提供依据。【方法】采用组织分离培养、人工接种、形态观察及核糖体转录间隔区序列(ITS-rDNA)分析,对引起七叶树溃疡病的水渍型溃疡病病原菌NW397和干腐型溃疡病病原菌NW3362种真菌进行鉴别与比较。【结果】引起七叶树溃疡病的病原为2种不同的真菌,并表现出不同的危害特征。水渍型溃疡病菌NW397 ITS-rDNA序列与多主葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea Sacc.)等的序列同源性高达99%;干腐型溃疡病菌NW336ITS-rDNA序列与乌饭树拟茎点菌(Phomopsisvaccinii)等的同源性高达95%以上。【结论】七叶树水渍型溃疡病菌定名为多主葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria do-thidea Sacc.),干腐型溃疡病菌定名为梨干枯拟茎点菌(Phompsis fukushii Tanaka et Mill)。